SIGNIFICANT QUESTION- II

1. What do you mean by stereo isomerism ?
   
2. What do you mean by coordination compound? let explain isomerism in coordination compound.
3. Let explain classification about ligands ?
4. Give postulates of crystal field theory? on the basis of it let explain when will be high spin complex perform.
5. Let explain canizarro reaction and aldol condensation?
6. What do you mean by Gibbs free energy? give relation related to electrode potential and Gibbs free energy.
7. Write Nernst equation?
8. What is electrode potential ?
9. Give reactions-

1. Swartz reaction
   
2. Frinklestein reaction, Lucas test,Gabriel pthallamide reaction
   

SOME SIGNIFICANT QUESTION- I

• Q.1 Why we have requirement to balance a chemical equation?
• Q.2. Explain rules for balancing a chemical equation by taking a suit example?
• Q.3. Give short notes about these following -
• (A) Decomposition reaction (B) Double displacement reaction(C) Redox reaction (D)Thermite reaction
• Q.4. What do you mean by Arrhenius concept of Acid and Base? Give its demerits
  
• Q.5. What happens when an acid react with metal?
• Q.6. What is a neutralization reaction? give two examples.
• Q.7. Why non metals form covalent bond?
• Q.8. What do you mean by antacid?
• Q.9. Write the electronic configuration of carbon in its excited state?
• Q10. What is meant by Allotrope ? give classification about allotrope of carbon .
• Q.11. What do you mean isomerism ?
• Q.12. What happens in atomic radii when we move in a period and when we come downwards in a group?
• Q.13. What do you mean by electron negativity ? what happens in this property when we come down in a group?
• Q.14 What do you mean by halogens?

ELEMENT : AN INTRODUCTION

• Element is a pure substance which contains same kind of atoms ,like H2,N2,P4,S8.if u will observe then you will find 8 atoms are present in case of S8 but all of them are same kind .Hence we can say very evediently here that sulphur is an element.
• Each element has its full name but they also have their nick name .......i.e.there is provision of short abbreviation which is termed as Symbol .
• The concept of symbol is given by Sir J.J.Berzelius.
• We use first letter for symbol of an element; like for Carbon we use "C" as symbol.But if we find there is similarity in first letter of another element,then we use first and another letter which is not similar , like in case of Chlorine we use "Cl" and for Chromium we use "Cr".
• sometime we find we use their Latin name for determination of symbol.
• Like in case of - Tungsten we use "W" as symbol because its Latin name is "Wolfram"
• By this way we adopt "Fe" as symbol for Iron because its Latin name is "Ferrum"
• Like this there are too many examples for bsymbols which are adopted from their Latin name .

KINDS OF MATTER

• we can classify matter in two sub classes -
• A.Pure matter- a. elements b. compounds
  
• B.Mixture - a. homogeneous b. heterogeneous

KILOGRAM

• Anything which is just equivalent to the mass of the piece of platinum and iridium which is located in Paris .
• Mass of one liter of water at 4 degree centigrade temperature is also termed as kilogram.
• S.I. unit of mass is also kilogram .
• One pound is also equals to .453 kg
  

MATTER

"Anything which has certain mass and occupies some space is termed matter "
here mass is considered as quantity of matter .In other word the measurement of inertia is termed as mass.
Weight is also a term which is very close to mass but there is difference ,mass is constant while weight variates.
weight is denoted by w
w=mg
here m=mass
g=acceleration due to gravity
as we know g variates hence w will be considered as variable value.

the S.I. unit of mass is Kilogram .
here S.I. means Systemae International d Unit
Do you know what is Kilogram?

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY IN BRIEF

Inorganic Chemistry deals study of INORGANIC substances ,so we should learn about INORGANIC substances firstly.

• INORGANIC=IN+ORGANIC i.e. which is not organic ,hence instead of Organic compounds ,rest are Inorganic in entire universe.for example ;ammonia,calcium carbonate,sodium chloride etc.These figures are for Ammonia,Calcium carbonate and Sodium chloride respectively-

BRIREF INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

• ORGANIC CHEMISTRY is a specific branch where we study about study about nature ,composition ,type of bonding and others related to organic substances.
  
• Please come ,first of all we will discuss about the concept of Organic substances- according to ancient concept all type of matters in which carbon is present as a major component are named Organic substances.
• But as we know carbon is also present in carbon dioxide so it should be also an organic compound but it occurs as an inorganic compound. fig:Carbon di oxide
  

• Hence according to new concept of Organic compound-matters which possesses carbon and hydrogen as major component are named Organic.now as we know in case of carbon dioxide ,only carbon is present and hydrogen is absent so automatically it will be inorganic but METHANE is an Organic compound because both carbon and hydrogen are present.Now i understand ,we are able to justify the compounds which will be Organic and which will be Inorganic.(fig:Methane)
• Generally the source of organic compounds are LIVING ORGANISM.
• However in bicarbonate ion, carbon and hydrogen are present but these are subject to INORGANIC .

PURE CHEMISTRY is also classified in four sub classes -
1.Organic chemistry
2.Inorganic chemistry
3.Physical chemistry
4. Analytical chemistry

APPLIED CHEMISTRY is also possesed many sub classes -
1.Pharmaceutical chemistry
2.Polymer chemistry
3.Biochemistry
4.Nuclear chemistry
5.surface chemistry etc.
(fig:Polymer)

CHEMISTRY :AN INTRODUCTION

1. THE WORD CHEMISTRY IS DERIVED FROM A GREEK WORD "CHEMEA "i.e.BLACK,HENCE CHEMISTRY WAS ONLY THE STUDY OF BLACK SUBSTANCES ANCIENTLY.
2. YOU WILL SURPRISE TO KNOW , IN THAT TI"CHEMETECHING" WAS TERM.
3. LAVOISIER is regarded as "FATHER OF MODERN CHEMISTRY"(photo of Lavoisier is added ).
   
4. He told ,chemistry is not only the study of black substance but all type of substances .
5. According to latest concept ,we can classify entire chemisty in two class-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY